Esiste un “ filo rosso” che lega il genere umano, il racconto di una Storia.
La storia dell’uomo è un percorso di conoscenze trasmesse oralmente. Le civiltà orali trasmettevano alle generazioni successive la propria cultura, i valori e gli ideali.
L’Aedo, dell’Antica Grecia
Una figura Sacra. Un cantore professionista, la memoria storica. Con i loro componimenti trasmettevano tutte le conquiste che quella civiltà aveva prodotto.
Considerato un profeta era ritratto come cieco. Attraverso “ gli occhi “ della sua anima era in contatto con le divinità. Le Muse parlavano attraverso Lui.
Nelle sue performance, dove era a contatto diretto con l’uditorio, usava la tecnica “face to face”. La sua trasmissione orale era chiara e diretta.
Era dotato di una buona memoria e di una grande immaginazione.
La parola di Dio non scritta
L’esistenza della tradizione orale è chiaramente testimoniata dalla Bibbia.
Con le parabole Gesù esprime in modo figurato i messaggi della sua predicazione.
“ Perciò, fratelli, state saldi e mantenete le tradizioni che avete apprese così dalla nostra parola come dalla nostra lettera “(2 Tessalonicesi 2,15);
La parabola è un racconto breve il cui scopo è spiegare un concetto difficile con uno più semplice o dare un insegnamento.
Gesù si serve di tale genere letterario per esprimere realtà spirituali, invisibili, soprannaturali, mediante paragoni e analogie tratte dal mondo materiale, visibile, naturale.
Il Giullare
Il giullare è un essere multiplo; è un musico, un poeta, un attore, un saltimbanco.
Tra la fine della tarda antichità e l’avvento dell’età moderna, si guadagnavano da vivere esibendosi per strada, davanti a pubblico popolare.
Con la loro arte ebbero una funzione molto importante nella diffusione di notizie, idee, forme. Diventando l’elemento di unione tra la letteratura colta e quella popolare.
I giullari erano anche persone che dovevano essere in grado di far divertire la corte e soprattutto il Re. Una sorta di addetto ai piaceri, con una coscienza oppositiva alla corte dei potenti dell’epoca.
“Alla base di tutto il mio teatro c’è soprattutto Ruzante. Da lì mi viene l’insegnamento di come costruire una storia. Entrando nel fatto e facendo venir fuori la storia rimestando. Come dicevano i giullari, tirando la carne dal brodo all’ultimo” Dario Fò ( 1926 -2016)
Il moderno Giullare, il premio Nobel della Letteratura.
“Perché, seguendo la tradizione dei giullari medievali, dileggia il potere restituendo la dignità agli oppressi”.
Il Menestrello
Il “ servo di casa” nell’età feudale. Era incaricato di intrattenere i Signori e i cortigiani del castello. Cantore delle gesta epiche compiute dal suo Signore o semplice buffone che aveva il solo compito di divertire il pubblico della Corte.
Anche i comuni usavano assumere i menestrelli affinché cantassero la bellezza della città.
Il menestrello era anche uno strumento sociale di grande valore. Manteneva gli uomini a contatto con costumi ed ambienti diversi.
I Cantastorie
Spostano di città in città e di piazza in piazza raccontando una favola, una storia, un fatto.
Aiutandosi con il canto e con dei cartelloni, in cui sono raffigurate le scene salienti, raccontando le loro storie. Storie vere o immaginarie, trovate in giro nei loro viaggi o adattate per l’occorrenza.
A causa del diffuso analfabetismo il cantastorie, adatta il suo racconto in base al luogo in cui viene narrato. Una narrazione che racconta di pirati, miracoli di santi, eventi catastrofici, leggende sacre e racconti profani. Raccontano di vittorie e lacrimevoli sconfitte. Di cruente imprese dei briganti, così cari alla fantasia popolare.
I cantastorie rappresentarono l’unico tramite culturale tra il popolo analfabeta e il mondo epico e poetico.
I Cantastorie si possono definire come gli antichi giornalisti, diffondono notizie , stampando le loro storie su foglietti volanti venduti al pubblico.
L’oralità in questi ultimi decenni è ritornata con i media. L’oralità di oggi passa attraverso cinema,la televisione al computer multimediale a internet. Dove la dimensione del suono si intreccia a quella Alfabetico-visiva.
Siamo passati da esseri mono-mediali ad esseri multi-mediali, reincorporando i riti delle civiltà orali.
Lo Storytelling
Lo Storytelling è una scienza, la scienze delle narrazione.
L’arte del narrare si basa sul fascino del racconto. Sulla ricchezza e la varietà di stimoli e significati per narrare fatti reali o fittizi. La narrazione non vuole solo informare,vuole coinvolgere attivamente.
Gli strumenti che vengono utilizzati per costruire le storie , oggi sono molteplici. Le tecnologie digitali e del web,ci permettono di avvalersi di molteplici elementi di vario formato (video, audio, immagini, testi, mappe, ecc.). In tal caso parliamo di una narrazione ipermediale e di digital storytelling.
Sono cambiati i mezzi con cui trasmettiamo le nostre storie. Esiste un “ filo rosso” che lega il genere umano ,il racconto di una storia. Le persone amano le favole e i racconti. Amano gli eroi, i viaggi, le sorprese e le storie a lieto fine.
“ e vissero felici e contenti” cosi si concludono le Belle Storie.
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