Era il 31 luglio 1971 quando gli astronauti David Scott e Jim Irwin, della missione Apollo 15.
Guidarono per la prima volta un veicolo elettrico sulla superficie lunare.
La prima “ guida lunare” durò 3 ore e 2 min. e percorsero 27,8 Km, con una distanza massima dalla LM DI 5.0 Km.
Il veicolo lunare LVR
Il veicolo lunare LVR ( acronimo di Lunar Roving Vehicle ) era, un veicolo elettrico progettato per operare nel vuoto a bassa gravità .In grado di attraversare la superficie lunare consentiva agli astronauti di ampliare la gamma delle loro attività extra-veicolari.
Lungo 3,1 metri, alto 1,14 metri con un passo di 2,3 metri , del peso di 210 Kg , poteva trasportare 490 Kg sulla superficie lunare. A pieno carico LRV aveva una altezza da terra di 36 cm.
Costruito dalla Boeing e dalla General Motors, fù realizzato in alluminio 2219 . Consisteva in un telaio divido in tre parti, incernierato al centro, per poterlo ripiegare e “ appenderlo” al Modulo Lunare.
L’alimentazione era fornita da due batterie da 36 volt. Costruite con idrossido di potassio-argento-zinco non erano ricaricabili. Avevano una capacità di 121 amp-hr e fornivano una autonomia di 100 km percorsi a piena potenza.
Oltre i motori di trazione le batterie alimentavano lo sterzo e una presa utility da 36 volt. Montata sul frontale del LVR , alimentava l’unità relè di comunicazione e la telecamera
Le ruote erano costruite con un filato di alluminio, avevano un diametro 81,8 cm e una larghezza di 23 cm. Ogni ruota aveva un proprio motore elettrico da un quarto di cavallo di spinta. LVR aveva una propria autonomia motrice e un raggio di sterzata di 3,1 metri.
Il LVR era sprovvisto di volante. Un controller mano a forma di T, situato tra i due sedili controllava i motori delle quattro unità e uno stick comandava la marcia in avanti e indietro
Una grande antenna parabolica, costruita in maglie , fu montata su un albero nel centro anteriore del rover.
Guide Lunari
Altre due “ guide lunari”, dopo il 31 luglio 1971 furono fatte dal LVR
La seconda durò 3 ore e 26 min. Furono percorsi 26,7 Km, con una distanza massima dalla LM di 4.5 Km.Venne eseguita dagli astronauti John Young e Charles Duke, della missione Apollo 16.
La terza, durò 4 ore e 26 min. Vennero percorsi 35,9 Km, con una distanza massima dalla LM di 7.6 Km. Fù eseguita da Gene Cernan e Harrison Schmitt, astronauti di Apollo 17.
Harrison Schmitt di Apollo 17 ha detto: “…. il Lunar Rover ha dimostrato di essere affidabile,sicuro e flessibile.Senza di esso, le maggiori scoperte scientifiche di Apollo 15, 16, e 17 non sarebbero state possibili.Il Lunar Rover a reso la comprensione dell’evoluzione lunare possibile “.
Dopo il 31 luglio 1971, sul nostro satellite si trovano tuttora i tre LRV usati nelle missioni Apollo 15, 16 e 17.
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